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    Getting Started
    • What Is an ESP32?
    • Electronics Basics for Beginners
    • Essential Components
    • Button Input and Debouncing
    • Digital vs Analog: GPIO Pins Explained
    • PWM on ESP32
    • Powering Your ESP32
    • Communication Protocols: I2C, SPI, and UART
    • WiFi Basics with ESP32
    • ESP32 as BLE Server (Peripheral)
    • Introduction to MQTT
    • ESP32 as BLE Client (Central)
    • File Systems on ESP32 (SPIFFS & LittleFS)
    Setup IDE: Arduino
    • Installation and Setup
    • Your First Sketch
    • Using the Serial Monitor
    Setup IDE: PlatformIO
    • Installation and Setup
    • Your First Sketch
    • Using the Serial Monitor
    Sensors
      Temperature & Humidity
      • DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
      • DHT22 Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • BME280 Environment Sensor
      • SHT31 Precision Humidity Sensor
      • Choosing a Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      Light
      • BH1750 Digital Light Sensor
      • LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
      • Choosing a Light Sensor
      Motion & Distance
      • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
      • PIR Motion Sensor
      • VL53L0X Laser Distance Sensor
      • Choosing a Distance or Motion Sensor
      Air Quality
      • MQ-2 Gas Sensor
      • SGP30 Air Quality Sensor
      Other Sensors
      • Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor
      • INA219 Current & Voltage Sensor
      • HX711 Load Cell (Weight Sensor)
      Actuators
        LEDs
        • Controlling a Single LED
        • RGB LEDs and PWM Color Mixing
        • WS2812B / NeoPixel LED Strips
        Motors
        • Servo Motors (SG90)
        • DC Motors with L298N Driver
        • Stepper Motors (28BYJ-48)
        • Choosing a Motor
        Displays
        • SSD1306 OLED Display
        • I2C LCD Display (16x2 / 20x4)
        • Choosing a Display
        Other Actuators
        • Relay Module (Switching Mains Power)
        • Piezo Buzzer
        • Controlling Heating Elements
        • Relay vs. MOSFET: Choosing a Power Switch
        Projects
        • Room Temperature Monitor with Web Dashboard
        • Plant Watering Alert System
        • MQTT Temperature Logger with Home Assistant
        • Motion-Activated Alarm
        • Smart Door Open/Close Sensor
        • DIY Weather Station
        • Garage Parking Assistant
        • Air Quality Dashboard
        • Kitchen Scale
        • Energy Monitor
        Special Projects
        • LED Matrix Information Display
        • Automated Greenhouse Controller
        • Smart Thermostat
        • ESP32-CAM Smart Doorbell
        • Wireless Sensor Network
        • RC Robot Car
        Cloud Platforms
        • IoT Cloud Platforms — Overview
        • Adafruit IO — Send Sensor Data to a Cloud Dashboard
        • ntfy.sh — Push Notifications from ESP32
        Reference
          Protocols
          • I2C Protocol Reference
          • SPI Protocol Reference
          • UART Protocol Reference
          • OneWire Protocol
          • MQTT Protocol
          • ESP-NOW Protocol
          • BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Protocol
          • 433 MHz RF Communication
          Home Automation
          • Introduction to Home Automation
          • Getting Started with Home Assistant
          • ESPHome: Program ESP32 Without Code
          • ESP32 to Home Assistant via MQTT
          • Building a Custom Sensor Node for Home Assistant
          • Automations and Scenes
          • Voice Control with Alexa and Google Home
          Theme
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          IoT With ESP
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          Reference

          Technical reference guides for protocols, concepts, and ESP32 features

          Quick-reference guides for the protocols, electrical concepts, and ESP32 features used throughout this site. These are not tutorials — they explain what something is and how it works so you can look things up fast.

          Protocols

          • I2C Protocol Reference
          • SPI Protocol Reference
          • UART Protocol Reference
          • OneWire Protocol
          • MQTT Protocol
          • ESP-NOW Protocol
          • BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Protocol
          • 433 MHz RF Communication

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